Course Outcomes

• Identify common laboratory instruments and explain their functions used in biological experiments.
• Explain principles of staining techniques, chromatography and biochemical tests.
• Perform basic laboratory procedures including solution preparation, staining and biochemical tests.
• Examine plant tissues and animal specimens to understand structural diversity.
• Interpret experimental observations and relate them to theoretical biological concepts.
• Record experimental observations and prepare structured laboratory reports with diagrams and results.