Course Outcomes

• Identify and classify invertebrates such as Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, and Nemathelminthes up to the class level.
• Describe the morphological and anatomical features of Hydra, including reproductive structures and cross-sections.
• Explain the stages of mitosis and meiosis and observe them using squash preparations and permanent slides.
• Perform physical and chemical analysis of urine to identify normal and abnormal constituents and compile a comprehensive report.
• Assess the impact of urinary diseases (e.g., renal stones, renal failure, infections) and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments like dialysis.
• Illustrate the ultra structure of metaphase chromosomes, analyze the phases of the cell cycle, and create models explaining the process.