Course Outcomes

• Identify laboratory instruments and explain their basic functions used in biological laboratories.
• Explain the principles behind microbiological staining, biochemical tests, and chromatography techniques.
• Perform laboratory techniques such as preparation of solutions, bacterial staining, and qualitative biochemical tests.
• Examine plant tissues and animal specimens to interpret structural diversity.
• Interpret experimental observations and present laboratory results in a scientific format.
• Prepare laboratory reports with appropriate data recording, diagrams, and interpretation.